Is Heaven hotter than Hell?
The temperature of Heaven can be rather accurately computed.
Using the Stefan-Boltzmann fourth power law for radiation
Our authority is the Bible, Isaiah 30:26 reads, "Moreover, the light of the moon shall be as the light of the sun and the light of the sun
shall be sevenfold as the light of seven days".
Thus, Heaven receives from the moon as much radiation as the earth does from the sun,
and in addition seven times seven (forty nine) times as much as the earth does from the sun, or
fifty times in all.
The light we receive from the moon is one ten-thousandth of the light we receive from the sun, so we can ignore that.
With these data we can compute the temperature of Heaven: The radiation falling on Heaven will
heat it to the point where the heat lost by radiation is just equal to the heat
received by radiation.
In other words, Heaven loses fifty times as much heat as the earth by radiation.
(H/E)4 = 50
where E is the absolute
temperature of the earth, 300°K (273 + 27).
This gives H the absolute temperature of Heaven, as 798° absolute (525°C).
The
exact temperature of Hell cannot be computed but it must be less than 444.6°C,
the temperature at which brimstone or sulfur changes from a liquid to a gas. Revelations 21:8: "But the fearful and
unbelieving... shall have their part in the lake which burneth with fire and brimstone.";
A lake of molten brimstone [sulfur] means that its temperature must be at or below the boiling point, which is 444.6°C.
(Above that point, it would be a vapor, not a lake.)
We have then, temperature of Heaven, 525°C (977°F). Temperature of Hell, less than 445°F.
Therefore Heaven is hotter than Hell.
A Refutation of the Proof that Heaven is hotter than Hell.
Dr. Tim Healey, F. R. C. R.; M. I. Nuc. E.
In Applied Optics (1972, 11 A14) there appeared a calculation of the respective
temperatures of Heaven and Hell.
That of Heaven was computed by substituting the values given in Isaiah 30 26 [1] in the
Stefan-Boltzman radiation law, so that (H/E)4 = 50,
where E, the absolute temperature of the Earth, is 300ºK, whence the temperature of Heaven, H, is 798ºK or 525ºC.
This is hard to find fault with.
The
assessment of the temperature of Hell stands, I suggest, on less firm ground. As
authority we use the data provided in Revelations 21 8 [2], so that the temperature of Hell seems to be 444.6ºC–the
temperature at which liquid sulfur is in equilibrium with its vapour–a temperature indeed which is sufficiently reliable
to be used in the secondary calibration of pyrometers.
Now this
last reckoning fails to follow the argument through. 444.6ºC is the temperature
at which liquid sulfur is in equilibrium with its vapour at normal atmospheric
pressure. Have we any data as to the pressure likely to be found in Hell?
The
answer is "Yes". A nineteenth century mathematician has already
provided the groundwork for Us [3] and we may feel confident that by the year 2000 the total number of the damned will be at least
29,422,641,251,519,917,000 souls.
Yet the area of the valley of Gehinnom [4] is only 7,000,000 square meters.
We can
now apply these figures in the Ideal Gas Equation to calculate what the
pressure will be in the valley of Gehinnom.
Since surely some souls must have been damned since 1877 [5], the pressure can
only have increased since these calculations were made and the equilibrium point on the phase diagram of sulfur must have
shifted still further, so that if we can show that at a temperature of 525ºC sulfur would still be liquid at the pressure calculated
(which is a minimum value, remember).
Hell (Gehinnom) is now cooler than Heaven.
Certain corrections must be
applied first, however.
1. Neiht
based his calculation on a date of creation of 1658 + 2326 - 1877 = 2107 BC
(minimum). Counting generations in the Bible gives a date for the Creation of
4004 BC. However, atomic dating has shown that Olduvai man is at least 2 × 106 years
old [6].
2. We
should use a Fibonacci series for the expansion, not a simple doubling series. [7]
The ancient Jewish laws against inbreeding also act in the same direction. [8]
3. By a
fortunate coincidence, the effects of 1 and 2 cancel each other exactly. [9]
4. The
human body is not an ideal gas, but
5. A
good deal of it is gaseous at 525ºC, and in any case,
6. It
could well be that at very great pressures the external pressure may well
exceed the pressure of electromagnetic repulsion, when different
"gas" laws would apply. This merely explains how the Lord works in
fitting so large a number of damned souls into so small a space [10] and it
need not be quantitative.
In the calculation the
following assumptions are made:
1. The
average height can be taken as one meter. This seems a fair figure between the
newborn babe and the fullgrown man.
2. The
average space needed is about 30 cm × 20 cm. It seems unlikely that any closer
packing could be achieved. Neiht uses a figure of 1/20 cubic meters per person,
which is nearly identical with my independent assessment.
Mine allows a neat cancellation, later.
3. I
have assumed that not more than two layers of damned persons can be
accommodated, since otherwise those in the middle layers would escape the full
rigours of Hell.
So that,
The
volume available in Gehenna is 60 × 106 × 2 m3 and
The
original volume of the damned is 0.06 × 29.422641 × 1018m3
Then, at
constant temperature (which we assume, taking equilibrium)
P1V1 = P2V2 or P2 = P1V1/V2
Substituting,
P2 = [29 × 6 × 1016] / [2 × 6 × 107] = 14.5 × 109 atmospheres
(1)
Now let us
see what pressure is needed to liquefy sulfur vapour at 525ºC.
We have, using the Clausius-Cleypeyron
equation in its integrated form,
Log P = 7.43287 - 3268.2 / T
where P = pressure in mm Hg
and T = the elevated
boiling point in ºK,
so that
Log P = 7.43287 - (3268.2/798) = 3.3373813
whence,
P = 2174.607 mm Hg = 2.86 atmospheres
(2)
(1) is so
much greater than (2) that Revelations 21 8 indicates a temperature very
considerably higher than 525ºC.
Thus, Hell is hotter than
Heaven (which remains deucedly hot).
REFERENCES
1. "The light of the
moon shall be as the light of the sun and the light of the sun shall be
sevenfold as the light of seven days...";
The light of the moon is negligible in comparison with that of the sun.
2. ";...the lake which
burneth with fire and brimstone: which is the second death";.
3. A Mathematical Proof of
the Non-Existence of Hell from the writings of the free-thinker Neiht, born in
Brussels, 1877.
"The area of the valley of Jehoshaphat is 60,000,000 sq. ms. ... "
Supposing that each race originated with one couple only, one has five couples
or ten people, and applying to them the principle of compound
interest, up to the Flood there were 9,289,000 births in 1,658 years.
Since the Flood up to our epoch 2,326 years have passed,
during which, if only five couples survived, they would have produced 2,213,867,610,000 children.
If these calculations are extended up to the year 2000, the resulting number is 34,326,414,259,675,172,000 which, together with the 9,289,000, makes
34,326,414,259,684,461,000 offspring.
If one concedes, charitably, that all papists are saved, their number today
being 1/7th of the population of the earth, that of the damned would be made up of those born before the Flood plus those born since
the Flood up to the year 2000 minus the 1/7th of those born since the year 44, that of the birth of Christ: this number
is 4,903,773,008,164,544,000, and the total of damned would be 29,422,641,251,519,917,000.
"The mean cubic area
between a new-born infant and an adult is about 1/20th metre; the bulk of the
damned above is equal to the mass of a sphere of radius 705,504 metres; that of the earth is 6,366,200
metres.
"If one puts back the
origin of man, following certain German naturalists, to 80,000 years, the
number of damned would form a cube three times the size of the earth.
"Now, how does one
assemble the 34,326,414,260 millions risen on a surface of 60,000,000 sq.
metres to judge them and how does one sink this mass of damned, through all manner of rock, to a depth
of 5,660,660 metres?"
[4] The valley of
Jehoshaphat is the Gehenna of the Jews (Jehennam in the Koran) - the place of
eternal torment.
The word is derived from Gehinnom = the valley of Hinnom where sacrifices were offered to
Moloch (2 Corinthians 33:6) (= Adremmelech - the God of Sepharvaim).
In later times, all manner of refuse was dumped there and fires were constantly maintained to consume it. The sulfurous stench and the fire was the original of
the Christian concept of Hell. (The estimate of Nieht of Gehenna's area 60 × 106 sq. m. is wrong, according to measurements
taken on the spot by the Editors).
[5] e.g. Dzhugashvili,
Losif and DeSalvo, Albert H.
[6] Curtis G. H. and
Evemden, J. F. in Nuclear Clocks USAEC Pp 40-41.
[7] Leonardo da Pisa Liber
Abaci 1202 (Out of print).
[8] Leviticus 18 6 et seq.
[9] Westfall, R. S. Newton
and the Fudge Factor. Science 1973 751 -758.
[10] "In my father's
house are many mansions: If it were so I would have told you. I go to prepare a
place for you." John 14:2.
Also, "Those things which are impossible with men, are possible with
God" - Luke 18:27, and "...with God all things are possible."
Matthew 19:26.